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Difference between revisions of "AmigaOS Manual: Python Methods"

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= Built-in Methods for Strings =
  
= Built-in Methods for Strings =
   
−
== capitalize() ==
 +
== .capitalize() ==
  +
−
== center() ==
  
  +
<nowiki><stringobject>.capitalize()</nowiki>
−
== count() ==
  
  +
−
== decode() ==
  
  +
Returns a string where the first character is uppercase. For example:
−
== encode() ==
  
  +
<syntaxhighlight lang="python">
−
== endswith() ==
  
  +
text = "python for everybody."
−
== expandtabs() ==
  
  +
txt = text.capitalize()
−
== find() ==
  
  +
print( txt )
−
== index() ==
  
  +
</syntaxhighlight>
−
== isalnum() ==
  
  +
−
== isalpha() ==
  
  +
Output:
−
== isdecimal() ==
  
  +
Python for everybody.
−
== isdigit() ==
  
  +
−
== islower() ==
  
−
== isnumeric() ==
 +
== .center() ==
  +
−
== isspace() ==
  
  +
<nowiki><stringobject>.center(<length>[, <fillchar>])</nowiki>
−
== istitle() ==
  
  +
−
== isupper() ==
  
  +
Returns a string that is aligned to the center using character <fillchar>. The returned string is <length> characters long. If the specified length is less than the <stringobject> string's length, the original <stringobject> will be returned. If you omit the fill character, space will be used as a filler.
−
== join() ==
  
  +
−
== len() ==
  
  +
For example:
−
== ljust() ==
  
  +
<syntaxhighlight lang="python">
−
== lower() ==
  
  +
text = "The Core of the Sun"
−
== lstrip() ==
  
  +
txt = text.center( 25, '-' )
−
== maketrans() ==
  
  +
print( txt )
−
== max() ==
  
  +
</syntaxhighlight>
−
== min() ==
  
  +
−
== replace() ==
  
  +
Output:
−
== rfind() ==
  
  +
---The Core of the Sun---
−
== rindex() ==
  
  +
−
== rjust() ==
  
−
== rstrip() ==
 +
== .count() ==
  +
−
== split() ==
  
  +
<nowiki><stringobject>.count(<substring>[, <start>][, <end>])</nowiki>
−
== splitlines() ==
  
  +
−
== startswith() ==
  
  +
Returns the number of times the supplied string <substring> appears in the <stringobject> string. By default .count() searches the <substring> from the beginning of the <stringobject> string to the end of the string.
−
== strip() ==
  
  +
−
== swapcase() ==
  
  +
You can change the search range with the start and end parameters. The start parameter specifies the string position where the search range should start (0 is the start of the string) and the end parameter the string position where the search should end.
−
== title() ==
  
  +
−
== translate() ==
  
  +
For example:
−
== upper() ==
  
  +
<syntaxhighlight lang="python">
−
== zfill() ==
  
  +
text = "I love AmigaOS. AmigaOS is my favourite operating system."
  +
times = text.count( "AmigaOS" )
  +
print( times )
  +
</syntaxhighlight>
  +
  +
Output:
  +
2
  +
  +
== .decode() ==
  +
  +
<nowiki><stringobject>.decode([encoding=<encoding>][, errors=<errors>])</nowiki>
  +
  +
Decodes an encoded <stringobject> string and returns the result to the caller. The optional encoding parameter specifies the codec to use and the optional errors parameter the error handling method. If the encoding parameter is omitted, codec UTF-8 will be used.
  +
  +
The full list of available codecs is as follows:
  +
{| class="wikitable"
  +
! style="text-align:left;" | Codec
  +
! style="text-align:left;" | Aliases
  +
! style="text-align:left;" | Languages
  +
|-
  +
| ascii || 646, us-ascii || English
  +
|-
  +
| big5 || big5-tw, csbig5 || Traditional Chinese
  +
|-
  +
| big5hkscs || big5-hkscs, hkscs || Traditional Chinese
  +
|-
  +
| cp037 || IBM037, IBM039 || English
  +
|-
  +
| cp424 || EBCDIC-CP-HE, IBM424 || Hebrew
  +
|-
  +
| cp437 || 437, IBM437 || English
  +
|-
  +
| cp500 || EBCDIC-CP-BE, EBCDIC-CP-CH, IBM500 || Western Europe
  +
|-
  +
| cp720 || || Arabic
  +
|-
  +
| cp737 || || Greek
  +
|-
  +
| cp775 || IBM775 || Baltic languages
  +
|-
  +
| cp850 || 850, IBM850 || Western Europe
  +
|-
  +
| cp852 || 852, IBM852 || Central and Eastern Europe
  +
|-
  +
| cp855 || 855, IBM855 || Bulgarian, Byelorussian, Macedonian, Russian, Serbian
  +
|-
  +
| cp856 || || Hebrew
  +
|-
  +
| cp857 || 857, IBM857 || Turkish
  +
|-
  +
| cp858 || 858, IBM858 || Western Europe
  +
|-
  +
| cp860 || 860, IBM860 || Portuguese
  +
|-
  +
| cp861 || 861, CP-IS, IBM861 || Icelandic
  +
|-
  +
| cp862 || 862, IBM862 || Hebrew
  +
|-
  +
| cp863 || 863, IBM863 || Canadian
  +
|-
  +
| cp864 || IBM864 || Arabic
  +
|-
  +
| cp865 || 865, IBM865 || Danish, Norwegian
  +
|-
  +
| cp866 || 866, IBM866 || Russian
  +
|-
  +
| cp869 || 869, CP-GR, IBM869 || Greek
  +
|-
  +
| cp874 || || Thai
  +
|-
  +
| cp875 || || Greek
  +
|-
  +
| cp932 || 932, ms932, mskanji, ms-kanji || Japanese
  +
|-
  +
| cp949 || 949, ms949, uhc || Korean
  +
|-
  +
| cp950 || 950, ms950 || Traditional Chinese
  +
|-
  +
| cp1006 || || Urdu
  +
|-
  +
| cp1026 || ibm1026 || Turkish
  +
|-
  +
| cp1140 || ibm1140 || Western Europe
  +
|-
  +
| cp1250 || windows-1250 || Central and Eastern Europe
  +
|-
  +
| cp1251 || windows-1251 || Bulgarian, Byelorussian, Macedonian, Russian, Serbian
  +
|-
  +
| cp1252 || windows-1252 || Western Europe
  +
|-
  +
| cp1253 || windows-1253 || Greek
  +
|-
  +
| cp1254 || windows-1254 || Turkish
  +
|-
  +
| cp1255 || windows-1255 || Hebrew
  +
|-
  +
| cp1256 || windows-1256 || Arabic
  +
|-
  +
| cp1257 || windows-1257 || Baltic languages
  +
|-
  +
| cp1258 || windows-1258 || Vietnamese
  +
|-
  +
| euc_jp || eucjp, ujis, u-jis || Japanese
  +
|-
  +
| euc_jis_2004 || jisx0213, eucjis2004 || Japanese
  +
|-
  +
| euc_jisx0213 || eucjisx0213 || Japanese
  +
|-
  +
| euc_kr || euckr, korean, ksc5601, ks_c-5601, ks_c-5601-1987, ksx1001, ks_x-1001 || Korean
  +
|-
  +
| gb2312 || chinese, csiso58gb231280, euc- cn, euccn, eucgb2312-cn, gb2312-1980, gb2312-80, iso- ir-58 || Simplified Chinese
  +
|-
  +
| gbk || 936, cp936, ms936 || Unified Chinese
  +
|-
  +
| gb18030 || gb18030-2000 || Unified Chinese
  +
|-
  +
| hz || hzgb, hz-gb, hz-gb-2312 || Simplified Chinese
  +
|-
  +
| iso2022_jp || csiso2022jp, iso2022jp, iso-2022-jp || Japanese
  +
|-
  +
| iso2022_jp_1 || iso2022jp-1, iso-2022-jp-1 || Japanese
  +
|-
  +
| iso2022_jp_2 || iso2022jp-2, iso-2022-jp-2 || Japanese, Korean, Simplified Chinese, Western Europe, Greek
  +
|-
  +
| iso2022_jp_2004 || iso2022jp-2004, iso-2022-jp-2004 || Japanese
  +
|-
  +
| iso2022_jp_3 || iso2022jp-3, iso-2022-jp-3 || Japanese
  +
|-
  +
| iso2022_jp_ext || iso2022jp-ext, iso-2022-jp-ext || Japanese
  +
|-
  +
| iso2022_kr || csiso2022kr, iso2022kr, iso-2022-kr || Korean
  +
|-
  +
| latin_1 || iso-8859-1, iso8859-1, 8859, cp819, latin, latin1, L1 || West Europe
  +
|-
  +
| iso8859_2 || iso-8859-2, latin2, L2 || Central and Eastern Europe
  +
|-
  +
| iso8859_3 || iso-8859-3, latin3, L3 || Esperanto, Maltese
  +
|-
  +
| iso8859_4 || iso-8859-4, latin4, L4 || Baltic languages
  +
|-
  +
| iso8859_5 || iso-8859-5, cyrillic || Bulgarian, Byelorussian, Macedonian, Russian, Serbian
  +
|-
  +
| iso8859_6 || iso-8859-6, arabic || Arabic
  +
|-
  +
| iso8859_7 || iso-8859-7, greek, greek8 || Greek
  +
|-
  +
| iso8859_8 || iso-8859-8, hebrew || Hebrew
  +
|-
  +
| iso8859_9 || iso-8859-9, latin5, L5 || Turkish
  +
|-
  +
| iso8859_10 || iso-8859-10, latin6, L6 || Nordic languages
  +
|-
  +
| iso8859_11 || iso-8859-11, thai || Thai languages
  +
|-
  +
| iso8859_13 || iso-8859-13, latin7, L7 || Baltic languages
  +
|-
  +
| iso8859_14 || iso-8859-14, latin8, L8 || Celtic languages
  +
|-
  +
| iso8859_15 || iso-8859-15, latin9, L9 || Western Europe
  +
|-
  +
| iso8859_16 || iso-8859-16, latin10, L10 || South-Eastern Europe
  +
|-
  +
| johab || cp1361, ms1361 || Korean
  +
|-
  +
| koi8_r || || Russian
  +
|-
  +
| koi8_u || || Ukrainian
  +
|-
  +
| mac_cyrillic || maccyrillic || Bulgarian, Byelorussian, Macedonian, Russian, Serbian
  +
|-
  +
| mac_greek || macgreek || Greek
  +
|-
  +
| mac_iceland || maciceland || Icelandic
  +
|-
  +
| mac_latin2 || maclatin2, maccentraleurope || Central and Eastern Europe
  +
|-
  +
| mac_roman || macroman || Western Europe
  +
|-
  +
| mac_turkish || macturkish || Turkish
  +
|-
  +
| ptcp154 || csptcp154, pt154, cp154, cyrillic-asian || Kazakh
  +
|-
  +
| shift_jis || csshiftjis, shiftjis, sjis, s_jis || Japanese
  +
|-
  +
| shift_jis_2004 || shiftjis2004, sjis_2004, sjis2004 || Japanese
  +
|-
  +
| shift_jisx0213 || shiftjisx0213, sjisx0213, s_jisx0213 || Japanese
  +
|-
  +
| utf_32 || U32, utf32 || All languages
  +
|-
  +
| utf_32_be || UTF-32BE || All languages
  +
|-
  +
| utf_32_le || UTF-32LE || All languages
  +
|-
  +
| utf_16 || U16, utf16 || All languages
  +
|-
  +
| utf_16_be || UTF-16BE || All languages (BMP only)
  +
|-
  +
| utf_16_le || UTF-16LE || All languages (BMP only)
  +
|-
  +
| utf_7 || U7, unicode-1-1-utf-7 || All languages
  +
|-
  +
| utf_8 || U8, UTF, utf8 || All languages
  +
|-
  +
| utf_8_sig || || All languages
  +
|}
  +
  +
The errors parameter can have one of the following values:
  +
{| class="wikitable"
  +
! style="text-align:left;" | Value
  +
! style="text-align:left;" | Description
  +
|-
  +
| backslashreplace || Uses a backslash instead of the character that could not be decoded.
  +
|-
  +
| ignore || Ignores the characters that cannot be decoded.
  +
|-
  +
| namereplace || Replaces the character with a text explaining the character.
  +
|-
  +
| strict || Raises an error on failure. The default value.
  +
|-
  +
| replace || Replaces the character with a questionmark.
  +
|-
  +
| xmlcharrefreplace || Replaces the character with an XML character.
  +
|}
  +
  +
; See also
  +
* [[AmigaOS_Manual:_Python_Methods#.encode()|.encode()]]
  +
  +
== .encode() ==
  +
  +
<nowiki><stringobject>.encode([encoding=<encoding>][, errors=<errors>])</nowiki>
  +
  +
This method encodes the string <stringobject> and returns the result to the caller. The optional encoding parameter specifies the encoding codec to be used. See [[AmigaOS_Manual:_Python_Methods#.decode()|.decode()]] for available codecs. If the codec is omitted, UTF-8 will be used.
  +
  +
The optional errors parameter allows you to change the handling scheme. See [[AmigaOS_Manual:_Python_Methods#.decode()|.decode()]] for the legal values.
  +
  +
; See also
  +
* [[AmigaOS_Manual:_Python_Methods#.decode()|.decode()]]
  +
  +
== .endswith() ==
  +
  +
<nowiki><stringobject>.endswith(<suffix>[, <start>[, <end>]])</nowiki>
  +
  +
The endswith() method returns True if the string <stringobject> ends with the supplied string <suffix>. Otherwise it returns False. By default the method searches the string <stringobject> from start to end. You can change the search range with the start and end parameters. The start parameter specifies the string position where the search range should start (0 is the start of the string) and the end parameter the string position where the search should end.
  +
  +
For example:
  +
<syntaxhighlight lang="python">
  +
text = "This is the house that Jack built."
  +
print( text.endswith( "." ) )
  +
</syntaxhighlight>
  +
  +
Output:
  +
True
  +
  +
== .expandtabs() ==
  +
  +
<nowiki><stringobject>.expandtabs(<tabsize>)</nowiki>
  +
  +
== .find() ==
  +
  +
<nowiki><stringobject>.find(<string>, <start>, <end>)</nowiki>
  +
  +
== .index() ==
  +
  +
<nowiki><stringobject>.index(<string>, <start>, <end>)</nowiki>
  +
  +
== .isalnum() ==
  +
  +
<nowiki><stringobject>.isalnum()</nowiki>
  +
  +
== .isalpha() ==
  +
  +
<nowiki><stringobject>.isalpha()</nowiki>
  +
  +
== .isdecimal() ==
  +
  +
<nowiki><stringobject>.isdecimal()</nowiki>
  +
  +
== .isdigit() ==
  +
  +
<nowiki><stringobject>.isdigit()</nowiki>
  +
  +
Returns true if the string <stringobject> contains only digits.
  +
  +
== .islower() ==
  +
  +
<nowiki><stringobject>.islower()</nowiki>
  +
  +
== .isnumeric() ==
  +
  +
<nowiki><stringobject>.isnumeric()</nowiki>
  +
  +
== .isspace() ==
  +
  +
<nowiki><stringobject>.isspace()</nowiki>
  +
  +
== .istitle() ==
  +
  +
<nowiki><stringobject>.istitle()</nowiki>
  +
  +
== .isupper() ==
  +
  +
<nowiki><stringobject>.isupper()</nowiki>
  +
  +
== .join() ==
  +
  +
<nowiki><stringobject>.join(sequence)</nowiki>
  +
  +
== .len() ==
  +
  +
<nowiki><stringobject>.len()</nowiki>
  +
  +
Returns the length of the string <stringobject>.
  +
  +
== .ljust() ==
  +
  +
<nowiki><stringobject>.ljust(<width>[, <fillchar>])</nowiki>
  +
  +
== .lower() ==
  +
  +
<nowiki><stringobject>.lower()</nowiki>
  +
  +
== .lstrip() ==
  +
  +
<nowiki><stringobject>.lstrip()</nowiki>
  +
  +
== .maketrans() ==
  +
  +
<nowiki><stringobject>.maketrans()</nowiki>
  +
  +
== .max() ==
  +
  +
<nowiki><stringobject>.max(string)</nowiki>
  +
  +
== .min() ==
  +
  +
<nowiki><stringobject>.min(<string>)</nowiki>
  +
  +
== .replace() ==
  +
  +
<nowiki><stringobject>.replace(<old>, <new>[, <max>])</nowiki>
  +
  +
== .rfind() ==
  +
  +
<nowiki><stringobject>.rfind(<string>, <start>, <end>)</nowiki>
  +
  +
== .rindex() ==
  +
  +
<nowiki><stringobject>.rindex(<string>, <start>, <end>)</nowiki>
  +
  +
== .rjust() ==
  +
  +
<nowiki><stringobject>.rjust(<width>[, <fillchar>])</nowiki>
  +
  +
== .rstrip() ==
  +
  +
<nowiki><stringobject>.rstrip()</nowiki>
  +
  +
== .split() ==
  +
  +
<nowiki><stringobject>.split(<delimiter>, <splits>)</nowiki>
  +
  +
== .splitlines() ==
  +
  +
<nowiki><stringobject>.splitlines([<keeplinebreaks>])</nowiki>
  +
  +
Splits the string <stringobject> into a list. The splitting is done at line breaks. The optional parameter <keeplinebreaks> specifies if the line breaks should be included (True), or not (False). Default value is False
  +
  +
== .startswith() ==
  +
  +
<nowiki><stringobject>.startswith(<string>, <start>, <end>)</nowiki>
  +
  +
== .strip() ==
  +
  +
<nowiki><stringobject>.strip([<characters>])</nowiki>
  +
  +
Returns a copy of the string <stringobject> where leading and trailing characters are removed. By default the method removes all whitespace characters, but this can be changed with the optional <characters> parameter. The <characters> parameter lists a set of characters which will be removed from the beginning and end of the string.
  +
  +
; Example 1:
  +
Remove all leading and trailing whitespaces from string '''text''':
  +
  +
<syntaxhighlight lang="python">
  +
text = " 25th Century "
  +
strippedText = text.strip()
  +
print( '"'" + strippedText + '"' )
  +
</syntaxhighlight>
  +
  +
Output:
  +
"25th Century"
  +
  +
; Example 2:
  +
Remove all of the following characters from the beginning and end of string '''text''': space, "-", "=", "*", "(", and ")":
  +
  +
<syntaxhighlight lang="python">
  +
text = "--= (*) =-- 25th Century ---= (*) =--"
  +
strippedText = text.strip( " -=*()" )
  +
print( '"'" + strippedText + '"' )
  +
</syntaxhighlight>
  +
  +
Output:
  +
"25th Century"
  +
  +
== .swapcase() ==
  +
  +
<nowiki><stringobject>.swapcase()</nowiki>
  +
  +
== .title() ==
  +
  +
<nowiki><stringobject>.title()</nowiki>
  +
  +
== .translate() ==
  +
  +
<nowiki><stringobject>.translate(<translationtable>[, <deletechars>])</nowiki>
  +
  +
== .upper() ==
  +
  +
<nowiki><stringobject>.upper()</nowiki>
  +
  +
== .zfill() ==
  +
  +
<nowiki>stringobject.zfill(width)</nowiki>
   
 
= Built-in Methods for Lists =
  
= Built-in Methods for Lists =
   
−
== append() ==
 +
== .append() ==
−
== count() ==
 +
== .count() ==
−
== extend() ==
 +
== .extend() ==
−
== index() ==
 +
== .index() ==
−
== insert() ==
 +
== .insert() ==
−
== pop() ==
 +
== .pop() ==
−
== remove() ==
 +
== .remove() ==
−
== reverse() ==
 +
== .reverse() ==
−
== sort() ==
 +
== .sort() ==
  +
  +
= Built-in Methods for Sets =
  +
  +
== .add() ==
  +
== .clear() ==
  +
== .copy() ==
  +
== .difference() ==
  +
== .difference_update() ==
  +
== .discard() ==
  +
== .intersection() ==
  +
== .intersection_update() ==
  +
== .isdisjoint() ==
  +
== .issubset() ==
  +
== .pop() ==
  +
== .remove() ==
  +
== .symmetric_difference() ==
  +
== .symmetric_difference_update() ==
  +
== .union() ==
  +
== .update() ==
   
 
= Built-in Methods for Dictionaries =
  
= Built-in Methods for Dictionaries =
−
== clear() ==
 +
== .clear() ==
−
== copy() ==
 +
== .copy() ==
−
== fromkeys() ==
 +
== .fromkeys() ==
−
== get() ==
 +
== .get() ==
−
== has_key() ==
 +
== .has_key() ==
−
== items() ==
 +
== .items() ==
−
== keys() ==
 +
== .keys() ==
−
== setdefault() ==
 +
== .setdefault() ==
−
== update() ==
 +
== .update() ==
−
== values() ==
 +
== .values() ==

Latest revision as of 08:36, 18 February 2021

Built-in Methods for Strings

.capitalize()

<stringobject>.capitalize()

Returns a string where the first character is uppercase. For example: 

text = "python for everybody."
txt = text.capitalize()
print( txt )

Output: 

  Python for everybody.

.center()

<stringobject>.center(<length>[, <fillchar>])

Returns a string that is aligned to the center using character <fillchar>. The returned string is <length> characters long. If the specified length is less than the <stringobject> string's length, the original <stringobject> will be returned. If you omit the fill character, space will be used as a filler.

For example: 

text = "The Core of the Sun"
txt = text.center( 25, '-' )
print( txt )

Output: 

  ---The Core of the Sun---

.count()

<stringobject>.count(<substring>[, <start>][, <end>])

Returns the number of times the supplied string <substring> appears in the <stringobject> string. By default .count() searches the <substring> from the beginning of the <stringobject> string to the end of the string.

You can change the search range with the start and end parameters. The start parameter specifies the string position where the search range should start (0 is the start of the string) and the end parameter the string position where the search should end.

For example: 

text = "I love AmigaOS. AmigaOS is my favourite operating system."
times = text.count( "AmigaOS" )
print( times )

Output: 

  2

.decode()

<stringobject>.decode([encoding=<encoding>][, errors=<errors>])

Decodes an encoded <stringobject> string and returns the result to the caller. The optional encoding parameter specifies the codec to use and the optional errors parameter the error handling method. If the encoding parameter is omitted, codec UTF-8 will be used.

The full list of available codecs is as follows:

Codec Aliases Languages
ascii 646, us-ascii English
big5 big5-tw, csbig5 Traditional Chinese
big5hkscs big5-hkscs, hkscs Traditional Chinese
cp037 IBM037, IBM039 English
cp424 EBCDIC-CP-HE, IBM424 Hebrew
cp437 437, IBM437 English
cp500 EBCDIC-CP-BE, EBCDIC-CP-CH, IBM500 Western Europe
cp720 Arabic
cp737 Greek
cp775 IBM775 Baltic languages
cp850 850, IBM850 Western Europe
cp852 852, IBM852 Central and Eastern Europe
cp855 855, IBM855 Bulgarian, Byelorussian, Macedonian, Russian, Serbian
cp856 Hebrew
cp857 857, IBM857 Turkish
cp858 858, IBM858 Western Europe
cp860 860, IBM860 Portuguese
cp861 861, CP-IS, IBM861 Icelandic
cp862 862, IBM862 Hebrew
cp863 863, IBM863 Canadian
cp864 IBM864 Arabic
cp865 865, IBM865 Danish, Norwegian
cp866 866, IBM866 Russian
cp869 869, CP-GR, IBM869 Greek
cp874 Thai
cp875 Greek
cp932 932, ms932, mskanji, ms-kanji Japanese
cp949 949, ms949, uhc Korean
cp950 950, ms950 Traditional Chinese
cp1006 Urdu
cp1026 ibm1026 Turkish
cp1140 ibm1140 Western Europe
cp1250 windows-1250 Central and Eastern Europe
cp1251 windows-1251 Bulgarian, Byelorussian, Macedonian, Russian, Serbian
cp1252 windows-1252 Western Europe
cp1253 windows-1253 Greek
cp1254 windows-1254 Turkish
cp1255 windows-1255 Hebrew
cp1256 windows-1256 Arabic
cp1257 windows-1257 Baltic languages
cp1258 windows-1258 Vietnamese
euc_jp eucjp, ujis, u-jis Japanese
euc_jis_2004 jisx0213, eucjis2004 Japanese
euc_jisx0213 eucjisx0213 Japanese
euc_kr euckr, korean, ksc5601, ks_c-5601, ks_c-5601-1987, ksx1001, ks_x-1001 Korean
gb2312 chinese, csiso58gb231280, euc- cn, euccn, eucgb2312-cn, gb2312-1980, gb2312-80, iso- ir-58 Simplified Chinese
gbk 936, cp936, ms936 Unified Chinese
gb18030 gb18030-2000 Unified Chinese
hz hzgb, hz-gb, hz-gb-2312 Simplified Chinese
iso2022_jp csiso2022jp, iso2022jp, iso-2022-jp Japanese
iso2022_jp_1 iso2022jp-1, iso-2022-jp-1 Japanese
iso2022_jp_2 iso2022jp-2, iso-2022-jp-2 Japanese, Korean, Simplified Chinese, Western Europe, Greek
iso2022_jp_2004 iso2022jp-2004, iso-2022-jp-2004 Japanese
iso2022_jp_3 iso2022jp-3, iso-2022-jp-3 Japanese
iso2022_jp_ext iso2022jp-ext, iso-2022-jp-ext Japanese
iso2022_kr csiso2022kr, iso2022kr, iso-2022-kr Korean
latin_1 iso-8859-1, iso8859-1, 8859, cp819, latin, latin1, L1 West Europe
iso8859_2 iso-8859-2, latin2, L2 Central and Eastern Europe
iso8859_3 iso-8859-3, latin3, L3 Esperanto, Maltese
iso8859_4 iso-8859-4, latin4, L4 Baltic languages
iso8859_5 iso-8859-5, cyrillic Bulgarian, Byelorussian, Macedonian, Russian, Serbian
iso8859_6 iso-8859-6, arabic Arabic
iso8859_7 iso-8859-7, greek, greek8 Greek
iso8859_8 iso-8859-8, hebrew Hebrew
iso8859_9 iso-8859-9, latin5, L5 Turkish
iso8859_10 iso-8859-10, latin6, L6 Nordic languages
iso8859_11 iso-8859-11, thai Thai languages
iso8859_13 iso-8859-13, latin7, L7 Baltic languages
iso8859_14 iso-8859-14, latin8, L8 Celtic languages
iso8859_15 iso-8859-15, latin9, L9 Western Europe
iso8859_16 iso-8859-16, latin10, L10 South-Eastern Europe
johab cp1361, ms1361 Korean
koi8_r Russian
koi8_u Ukrainian
mac_cyrillic maccyrillic Bulgarian, Byelorussian, Macedonian, Russian, Serbian
mac_greek macgreek Greek
mac_iceland maciceland Icelandic
mac_latin2 maclatin2, maccentraleurope Central and Eastern Europe
mac_roman macroman Western Europe
mac_turkish macturkish Turkish
ptcp154 csptcp154, pt154, cp154, cyrillic-asian Kazakh
shift_jis csshiftjis, shiftjis, sjis, s_jis Japanese
shift_jis_2004 shiftjis2004, sjis_2004, sjis2004 Japanese
shift_jisx0213 shiftjisx0213, sjisx0213, s_jisx0213 Japanese
utf_32 U32, utf32 All languages
utf_32_be UTF-32BE All languages
utf_32_le UTF-32LE All languages
utf_16 U16, utf16 All languages
utf_16_be UTF-16BE All languages (BMP only)
utf_16_le UTF-16LE All languages (BMP only)
utf_7 U7, unicode-1-1-utf-7 All languages
utf_8 U8, UTF, utf8 All languages
utf_8_sig All languages

The errors parameter can have one of the following values:

Value Description
backslashreplace Uses a backslash instead of the character that could not be decoded.
ignore Ignores the characters that cannot be decoded.
namereplace Replaces the character with a text explaining the character.
strict Raises an error on failure. The default value.
replace Replaces the character with a questionmark.
xmlcharrefreplace Replaces the character with an XML character.
See also

.encode()

<stringobject>.encode([encoding=<encoding>][, errors=<errors>])

This method encodes the string <stringobject> and returns the result to the caller. The optional encoding parameter specifies the encoding codec to be used. See .decode() for available codecs. If the codec is omitted, UTF-8 will be used.

The optional errors parameter allows you to change the handling scheme. See .decode() for the legal values.

See also

.endswith()

<stringobject>.endswith(<suffix>[, <start>[, <end>]])

The endswith() method returns True if the string <stringobject> ends with the supplied string <suffix>. Otherwise it returns False. By default the method searches the string <stringobject> from start to end. You can change the search range with the start and end parameters. The start parameter specifies the string position where the search range should start (0 is the start of the string) and the end parameter the string position where the search should end.

For example: 

text = "This is the house that Jack built."
print( text.endswith( "." ) )

Output: 

  True

.expandtabs()

<stringobject>.expandtabs(<tabsize>)

.find()

<stringobject>.find(<string>, <start>, <end>)

.index()

<stringobject>.index(<string>, <start>, <end>)

.isalnum()

<stringobject>.isalnum()

.isalpha()

<stringobject>.isalpha()

.isdecimal()

<stringobject>.isdecimal()

.isdigit()

<stringobject>.isdigit()

Returns true if the string <stringobject> contains only digits.

.islower()

<stringobject>.islower()

.isnumeric()

<stringobject>.isnumeric()

.isspace()

<stringobject>.isspace()

.istitle()

<stringobject>.istitle()

.isupper()

<stringobject>.isupper()

.join()

<stringobject>.join(sequence)

.len()

<stringobject>.len()

Returns the length of the string <stringobject>.

.ljust()

<stringobject>.ljust(<width>[, <fillchar>])

.lower()

<stringobject>.lower()

.lstrip()

<stringobject>.lstrip()

.maketrans()

<stringobject>.maketrans()

.max()

<stringobject>.max(string)

.min()

<stringobject>.min(<string>)

.replace()

<stringobject>.replace(<old>, <new>[, <max>])

.rfind()

<stringobject>.rfind(<string>, <start>, <end>)

.rindex()

<stringobject>.rindex(<string>, <start>, <end>)

.rjust()

<stringobject>.rjust(<width>[, <fillchar>])

.rstrip()

<stringobject>.rstrip()

.split()

<stringobject>.split(<delimiter>, <splits>)

.splitlines()

<stringobject>.splitlines([<keeplinebreaks>])

Splits the string <stringobject> into a list. The splitting is done at line breaks. The optional parameter <keeplinebreaks> specifies if the line breaks should be included (True), or not (False). Default value is False

.startswith()

<stringobject>.startswith(<string>, <start>, <end>)

.strip()

<stringobject>.strip([<characters>])

Returns a copy of the string <stringobject> where leading and trailing characters are removed. By default the method removes all whitespace characters, but this can be changed with the optional <characters> parameter. The <characters> parameter lists a set of characters which will be removed from the beginning and end of the string.

Example 1

Remove all leading and trailing whitespaces from string text: 

text = "   25th Century   "
strippedText = text.strip()
print( '"'" + strippedText + '"' )

Output: 

"25th Century"
Example 2

Remove all of the following characters from the beginning and end of string text: space, "-", "=", "*", "(", and ")": 

text = "--= (*) =-- 25th Century ---= (*) =--"
strippedText = text.strip( " -=*()" )
print( '"'" + strippedText + '"' )

Output: 

"25th Century"

.swapcase()

<stringobject>.swapcase()

.title()

<stringobject>.title()

.translate()

<stringobject>.translate(<translationtable>[, <deletechars>])

.upper()

<stringobject>.upper()

.zfill()

stringobject.zfill(width)

Built-in Methods for Lists

.append()

.count()

.extend()

.index()

.insert()

.pop()

.remove()

.reverse()

.sort()

Built-in Methods for Sets

.add()

.clear()

.copy()

.difference()

.difference_update()

.discard()

.intersection()

.intersection_update()

.isdisjoint()

.issubset()

.pop()

.remove()

.symmetric_difference()

.symmetric_difference_update()

.union()

.update()

Built-in Methods for Dictionaries

.clear()

.copy()

.fromkeys()

.get()

.has_key()

.items()

.keys()

.setdefault()

.update()

.values()

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