AmigaOS Manual: Network resources

A network interface configured in the Internet Preferences can be used for connecting to a remote computer and exchanging data with it. Depending on the selected network driver, you can use a modem or a network interface card for the connection.

A computer network forms when two or more computers are connected to each other so that they can exchange data. A networked computer, a node, can act as a server or a client, or both.

Server's role in the network is to provide functions or services to the client nodes. The typical servers are web and file servers: a web server returns web pages to the clients and a file server returns files. One server node can host several servers at the same time.

A node is said to be a client when it is running one or more applications which request services from server nodes. The typical client applications are web browsers and file transfer programs.

Every node has a unique numeric identifier, an IP address. The IP addresses make it possible for clients to send requests to servers and for servers to send responses to clients. For human convenience a name can be assigned to an IP address. See Internet Preferences editor's Hosts list for assigning names for LAN (Local Area Network) nodes.

Note
The Internet has its own name assignments for IP addresses. When you are connected to the Internet, your ISP (Internet Service Provider) provides a transparent name-to-IP-address translation for you.

Every server has a dedicated communication channel for receiving requests and sending responses. These channels are called ports. Ports are needed for the client-server communication with the IP addresses since there can be several concurrent servers on one computer and several client applications on the client computer. Without the ports requests would not reach the intended servers and the client applications would not receive the responses.

Much like with the IP addresses, a service name can be used instead of a port number. Note however, that the service names are available only for registered ports. To see a complete list of available service names, see Internet Preferences editor's Services list.

Table 6-2. The most common servers/protocols

Server/Protocol	Port	Service Name
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)	21	ftp
Secure Shell (SSH)	22	ssh
Telnet remote login service	23	telnet
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)	25	smtp
Domain Name System (DNS) service	53	domain
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)	80	www
Post Office Protocol (POP3)	110	pop3
Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP)	119	nntp
Network Time Protocol (NTP)	123	ntp
Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP)	143	imap
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)	161	snmp
Internet Relay Chat (IRC)	194	irc
Secure Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTPS)	443	https

Sending a request to a server

The TCP: device allows sending requests to the servers and receiving their responses. The procedure of the client to server communication using the TCP: device is:

1. Open the TCP: device for reading and writing.
2. Compose a request and write it to the device.
3. Read server's response from the device.
4. Close the device.

When opening the TCP: device for sending a request to a server, the following parameters are available:

Keyword	Template	Description
HOST or H	H=HOST	Server's IP address or server's name.
PORT or P	P=PORT/K	Server's port number to which the request will be send. This parameter is mutually exclusive with the SERVICE parameter.
SERVICE or S	S=SERVICE/K	Name of the service on the server to which the request will be sent. This parameter is mutually exclusive with the PORT parameter.

Parameters must be separated with slash (/). For example:

OPEN( 'network', 'TCP:HOST=os4depot.net/PORT=80', 'RW' )

Every server has its own format for requests and responses; they have their own communication protocols. In the following example a web page request is sent to a web server and the response is printed to Shell.

The targeted web server is os4depot.net, port is 80, and the requested page is index.php.